Which of the following is NOT an effect of topical disinfection?

The correct answer identifies long-term skin hydration as not being an effect of topical disinfection. Topical disinfection primarily focuses on the immediate reduction of pathogens on the skin's surface to lower the risk of infection. This is achieved through the application of antiseptic solutions, which target and remove harmful microorganisms.

While options related to the removal of pathogens, the reduction of infection risk, and the cleaning of contaminated objects are all integral components of the disinfection process, they do not pertain to ongoing skin hydration. In fact, many disinfectants may temporarily dry the skin, rather than providing long-term hydration, which is typically the role of moisturizers rather than disinfectants. This distinction highlights that while topical disinfection is essential for infection control, it is not designed to maintain moisture levels in the skin over an extended period.