Which of the following describes a characteristic of surface discoloration?

The correct answer provides a comprehensive understanding of when surface discoloration can occur throughout the life cycle and the processes related to the deceased. Surface discoloration is not limited to a specific time frame. It can take place before death (antemortem), during the embalming process, or afterward, during the period between embalming and the final disposition.

This characteristic highlights that discoloration can be the result of a variety of factors, including but not limited to the natural processes of death, the chemical interactions during embalming, or even external environmental influences following embalming.

The other choices, while they touch upon aspects of discoloration, do not accurately represent its broad occurrence. For instance, saying that it occurs exclusively after embalming would ignore the significance of discoloration that may arise from health conditions prior to death. Similarly, stating that it is primarily caused by sunlight limits the sources of discoloration, neglecting other key factors that may contribute to this phenomenon. Lastly, categorizing it as a common sign of decomposition suggests exclusivity to a post-mortem scenario, omitting that discoloration can also precede and occur during the embalming process.