What type of discoloration is associated with livor mortis?

The correct answer is associated with extravasation discoloration from blood settling, which is a key characteristic of livor mortis. After death, the body’s circulation ceases, and blood begins to pool in the lowest parts of the body due to gravity. This pooling creates a pronounced discoloration in the skin, often visible as a purplish or reddish hue, predominantly in the areas closest to the ground.

This process usually begins within 20 minutes to 3 hours after death and can significantly aid forensic investigators in estimating the time of death. Understanding livor mortis is essential in forensic science as it can provide insights into the body's position after death and the time elapsed since death occurred. The other options do not accurately describe livor mortis; they either refer to different processes or factors not directly related to post-mortem blood settling.