What condition results from an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?

The condition that results from an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is hydrocephalus. This medical condition occurs when the normal flow, production, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is disrupted, leading to increased pressure within the skull. This can cause swelling of the brain ventricles and potentially result in serious complications if not treated.

Hydrocephalus can develop in infants as a congenital condition or occur later in life due to factors such as head injuries, infections, or tumors. The excessive fluid can cause symptoms such as headaches, vision problems, and cognitive impairments, depending on the severity and duration of the condition.

In contrast, meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, generally caused by infection. Cerebral edema is the swelling of brain tissue due to the accumulation of excess fluid, which can occur from a variety of causes but is different from the specific accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalus. Encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain itself, often due to viral infections, rather than a fluid accumulation issue. The distinctive feature of hydrocephalus lies in the disruption of CSF dynamics, making it unique among these conditions.